Exceptions

In python, exceptions are events that interrupt the normal flow of the program during its execution. They are errors that occur at runtime, unlike syntax errors that are detected before execution. Exceptions can be handled using the try-except block, which allows the program to continue its execution even if an error occurs.

Below are some of the most common exceptions you may encounter:

Exception	Description
SyntaxError	Occurs when there is a syntax error in the code.
IndentationError	The code indentation is incorrect.
NameError	An attempt is made to use a variable that has not been defined.
TypeError	An operation is performed between incompatible data types.
ValueError	A value has the correct type but is inappropriate for the operation.
IndexError	Index outside the valid range in a sequence as a list or tuple.
KeyError	An attempt is made to access a non-existent key in a dictionary.
AttributeError	An attempt is made to access an attribute that does not exist in the object.
ZeroDivisionError	Occurs when dividing a number by zero.
ImportError	It is not possible to import a module or part of a module.
ModuleNotFoundError	The module you are trying to import is not found.
FileNotFoundError	The specified file does not exist.
IOError	General input/output error when working with files.
RuntimeError	Error detected at runtime.
StopIteration	An iterator has been exhausted.
OverflowError	Numerical result too large to be represented.
MemoryError	Not enough memory to perform an operation.
AssertionError	The condition of an assertion with assert has failed.
PermissionError	You do not have the necessary permissions to access the resource.

These exceptions are not all the ones that the language handles, but I will show you a script that can teach you all the available ones.

map.py

import builtins

# Filters out all built-in objects that are subclasses of BaseException
exceptions = [e for e in dir(builtins) if isinstance(getattr(builtins, e), type) and issubclass(getattr(builtins, e), BaseException)]

# Displays the complete list
for exc in exceptions:
print(exc)